Metaphor in Korean and Arab Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Metaphor in Korean and Arab Culture - Essay Example The modern theory of cognitive metaphor is developed in the works of many scholars, in accordance with which, â€Å"metaphor is an instrument of cognition, structuring and explanation of reality† (Lakoff, 1993, p. 217). Following J. Lakoff, we agree that â€Å"metaphor is located in thought and not in the language†. Metaphor is a source for something new and interesting. There is a certain cultural background in different metaphors because they reflect specific needs of target audience and key issues of life of different nations turn into the sources for further metaphorical derivates. For example, metaphors in American English are often associated with sports because active way of life has been always highly estimated among the Americans (Deignan, Gabrys, & Solska, 1997). Food metaphor is more appropriate for Chinese English because the nation is highly concerned about meals. Thus, family dinners on weekends symbolize unity and dominance of family. Sometimes, metaphors interpretations are similar or different. Thus, Chinese use sports metaphors and Americans use metaphors about food and the meaning of them would be the same. For example, in Chinese: â€Å"One cannot learn to swim in shallow water† meaning that one should go through thick and thin in order to become a professional. For Americans, a metaphor â€Å"to eat a piece of cake† meaning to get easy job. In accordance with J. Fauconnie and M. Therner, the essence of conceptual integration comprises the following: once a metaphor spawns, two sections of brain responsible for visual and abstract images are activated (Fauconnier, 1998, pp. 133-179). With regard to one of the claims of a cognitive metaphor theory: the principles of metaphorization processes are based on knowledge interpretation procedures, reflected in cognitive construction–frames (specific unified constructs of knowledge or experience connected by mental reflections) and scenarios (a generalized dynamic e xperience of human interaction with the world). A frame is characterized by â€Å"encyclopedicity†, i.e. cluster of various structurally generalized kinds of knowledge about a referent. Frames include basic, typical and potentially possible information associated with the concept. Frames can be inherent; they can emerge in the process of individual cognition or can be adopted via learning. Currently, the â€Å"theory of conceptual blending† is of high relevance. This theory was derived by A. Richards (1990) and has been followed by J. Fauconnie and M. Therner. The essence of conceptual integration comprises the following: once a metaphor spawns, two sections of brain responsible for visual and abstract images are activated (Fauconnier, 1998, pp. 133-179). Further metaphors in Arab and Korean languages are considered with respect to developments in the field of cognitive metaphor. It is supposed that two frames are actualized. Elements of these frames can have nothing i n common, but creation of a new metaphoric derivative happens as follows: Figure 1. Algorithm of a new metaphoric derivative creation Further considerations are about metaphors in Korean and Arab cultures. The Korean culture has the following key collective values, for example, social harmony, respect and mutual cooperation. Western culture is

Critical Thinking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Critical Thinking - Assignment Example The key question that was asked was very simple: Why? As the commission said in the report, â€Å"Why did they do this? How was the attack planned and conceived? How did the U.S. Government fail to anticipate and prevent it? What can we do in the future to prevent similar acts of terrorism?† Much like the public on September 11, 2001, the parties involved in this report were also in a state of shock, asking themselves how and why such a thing could come to pass on American soil. Much of what the committee needed to put together their report was already in evidence, gathered by various agencies as soon as possible after the actual events of September 11, 2001. The committee in the report was very mindful that they were writing â€Å"with the benefit and handicap of hindsight†, meaning that in looking back, there were various events and actions, such as â€Å"not discovering false statements on visa applications, or not recognizing passports manipulated in a fraudulent manner†, as well as reports delivered to the United States government from around the world, that had they been linked together in any way would have probably led them to realize that the real threat of the attacks did not lay abroad in another part of the world, as they had originally thought, but right on American soil. One of the biggest concerns of the 9/11 Commission was the lack of centralized response system to the emergency situation once the attacks were underway. The report specifically states that â€Å"the defense of the U.S. airspace depended on close interaction between two Federal agencies: the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD).† However, there were fundamental problems even in the communication between the two agencies, as there was no protocol in place or procedure to follow in the case of a hijacked airplane being used as a weapon,

RE Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

RE - Term Paper Example Although God is considered to be a part of just the Christian-based religions, there are many people that would be shocked to find that even in religions where God, as Himself, does not exist, the deities of that religion take on the same purposes and qualities of God. Even in the religions that do not acknowledge any form of a god still has a deity or religious being that fulfills the same duties and requirements. Religions such as Buddhism, folk religions, and Hinduism regard God in ways that are entirely unique and beneficial to their religious paths, with many of these beings not considered God-like, or god-like, at all. Buddhism is a religious path as well as a philosophical lifestyle that, despite its age, has found itself the center of most New Age practitioners. Unlike most organized religions, Buddhism does not recognize a supreme, invisible being in the same sense that the Christian-related religions do. In Buddhism, the person honored and followed is Gautama Buddha, the original founder of Buddhism. Gautama Buddha was also a teacher of Buddhism, promoting and teaching peace, harmony, and enlightenment through meditation, yoga, and other activities to help center and ground the mind and body. While the Buddha did not perform miracles, and nor was he worshipped or prayed to, just merely honored and regarded in the highest light, he still fulfilled what it meant to be the god or deity of a religion (Armstrong, 2004). He was the person that his followers looked up to and viewed as their leader, as well as the one who could direct the practitioners onto their individual paths of enlightenment. As previously mentioned, Buddha was not worshipped in the typical sense that God or a deity would be worshipped. He was simply viewed as the founder and teacher of this spiritual and philosophical path. After his death, his monks, similar to the apostles of the Christian faith, took over passing on the information, knowledge, and teachings onto those that wished

The effects of the US 1965 Immigration Act Introduction and Annotated Essay

The effects of the US 1965 Immigration Act Introduction and Annotated bibliography - Essay Example To accomplish this it restricted immigration on the basis of how many existing proportions of the population there already were. The 1965 Act, however, set an annual limit to no more than twenty thousand from each country, regardless of how many peoples from that country already occupied the United States. By 1968 the annual limitation to any country from the Western Hemisphere was set to one hundred and twenty thousand immigrants, and visas were given on a first come-first serve basis. The equalization of immigration policies resulted in a shift in immigration from European-Asian immigrants, to Central-South American immigrants. Immigration also doubled from 1965-1970 and then again from 1970-1990. This flux of immigrants not only changed the ethnic makeup of the United States, but with the introduction of so many to the U.S workforce it also shifted the male earnings inequalities. This prompted congress to pass the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) and the 1990 Immigra tion Act, in an attempt to stabilize the influx and the economy.

Analysis of the Film The Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of the Film The Women - Essay Example Although the characters of the film were from upper class Manhattan who were supposed to be independent from men compared to most of their female counterparts during their time, their lives and their perceive importance is still tied up to men. The story revolved around the cat chase between Mary Haines (played by Norma Shearer) and her philandering husband Stephen (who was not seen in the film) who has to battle it out with the gold digging counter girl Crystal Allen (played by Joan Crawford). Yes the women in the film were assertive only that their assertion revolves around men that were never seen in the entirety of the movie. Given the theme of the movie, it would be appropriate to discuss the following aspect in the film; Status, relationship, and emotional life. Status and motivation Status is stressed in the analysis because given the status of women in the film (Mary Haines and company), they could be anything they wanted if they chose to be. They were wealthy. Yet, even with their financial independence, their sense of victory, particularly the character of Mary who has to battle it out with Crystal was centered on men. ... Basically, the ethos of the film was still women using their sexuality to win a man despite the absence of lewd representation. The men on the other hand were portrayed to be a â€Å"catch† especially in the case of Crystal who is in the quest of hunting married men who could support her. The film stereotyped women as dependent to men and Crystal’s gold digging tendency is the extreme side of it while Mary only highlighted it by equating her worth and victory as a woman to winning her man. Relationships Relationships were a central aspect of the film The Women. It showed how women in the 1930s put so much importance in the relationship with their men that their value as a person is tied with it. This is not to downplay the importance of relationship only that in the film, The Women’s worth seemed to be tied up with them. This transcends to their personal worth which is the case of Mary to their economic well being in the case of Crystal. Whatever angle it is look ed at, it still portrayed dependency. This was highlighted in the characters of two main protagonists Mary and Crystal whose circumstances only aggravated the portrayal of women. In the case of Mary, women are stereotyped whose lives revolve around men. This was aggravated with the discourse of the film where they are always involved in gossips, an unproductive activity that suggests that they have nothing better to do. It also diminishes their status, despite their wealth and financial independence because it communicates that they cannot be productive. With Crystal, women are stereotyped to be dependent to men who cannot fend for themselves that they have to find a man who will support her. Her portrayal as a gold

The Implications of Reconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Implications of Reconstruction - Essay Example 562). Reconstruction's biggest failure was the backlash that was created when Northern Republicans attempted to rule the South. The backlash resulted in violent hate groups that disrupted the political system, and the lives of African-Americans for the next 100 years. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were all passed during the era of reconstruction. These important amendments prohibited slavery, guaranteed the freed slaves citizenship, and granted them the right to vote, but were largely unenforceable in the South. However, these amendments would form the foundation for the Civil Rights movement 100 years later. Reconstruction ended when the disputed election of 1876 saw the Republican Rutherford B Hayes gain the presidency, even though the electoral votes were in dispute. In return, Hayes agreed to remove the federal troops from the South and not oppose the newly formed Democratic governments there (Zuczek 171). This spelled an end to Reconstruction and another 100 years of racial violence, segregation, and discrimination. By the late 19th century, African-Americans had still not realized the American dream of liberty and the right to vote, or the constitutional guarantees that came with the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.

People & Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

People & Organisations - Essay Example To this date, the company continues to feel the effects of such actions. This report analyses the role that employee motivation plays in the profitability of commercial organizations. Using Peacocks as a case, the report shows the importance of employee motivations and the ways in which the human resource management can motivate its workforce. Based in Cardiff city, Wales, Peacocks is a large fashion retail chain that has over 400 outlets throughout the United Kingdom and more than two hundred other stores in numerous countries throughout Europe. Prior to 2012, the company had 9,600 employees. Currently, the company has slightly over 6,000 employees in all its outlets throughout the world. Peacocks began experiencing low profitability in 2011. The management could not establish the cause of the problem, as they were engrossed with marketing. The employees were slowing losing their morale and interest with their roles at the company. The growing tension regarding the future of the company affected the morale of the employees further thereby leading to immense demoralization at the place of work. Employees became increasingly clumsy. The fashions and apparel industry is part of the hospitality industry. An employee attitude towards their work is therefore an important feature that influences the profitability of such businesses. The human resource management lacked functional mechanisms of measuring the levels of motivation in their employees. In January 2012, the company laid off nearly half its employees. The spontaneous downsizing and the poor way in which the company treated the employees it laid off was yet another major source of concern to the remaining employees. The company retained with an unmotivated workforce. The employees earned less than their counterparts in competing companies did. Additionally, they worked in fear owing to